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Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H + ) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis .
The energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose is released by the cell in the citric acid cycle, producing carbon dioxide and the energetic electron donors NADH and FADH. Oxidative phosphorylation uses these molecules and O 2 to produce ATP, which is used throughout the cell whenever energy
Moyle conducted a lot of research regarding cellular respiration, [4] oxidative phosphorylation, [9] and properties of purified isocitric enzymes. [10] She was a major contributor to the development of the chemiosmotic theory regarding ATP synthesis. [11]
In aerobic respiration, the flow of electrons terminates with molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration, other electron acceptors are used, such as sulfate. In an electron transport chain, the redox reactions are driven by the difference in the Gibbs free energy of reactants and products.
Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products. [1] Cellular respiration is a vital process that occurs in the cells of all [[plants and some bacteria ]].
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With respect to these considerations, the classical electron transport chain (ETC) based chemiosmotic rotary ATP synthesis model becomes untenable. The murburn model presents a new interpretation of the physiology of cellular respiration: including oxidative phosphorylation, thermogenesis and dynamic redox homeostasis.
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