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An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors [1] and usually also to retail (individual) investors. [2] An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investment banks , who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges .
Greenshoe, or over-allotment clause, is the term commonly used to describe a special arrangement in a U.S. registered share offering, for example an initial public offering (IPO), which enables the investment bank representing the underwriters to support the share price after the offering without putting their own capital at risk. [1]
Apple’s initial public offering was a once in a generation event. When the computer company from Cupertino, California, began trading on the Nasdaq on Dec. 12, 1980, it was the biggest IPO since ...
However, public offerings are also made by already-listed companies. The company issues additional securities to the public, adding to those currently being traded. For example, a listed company with 8 million shares outstanding can offer to the public another 2 million shares. This is a public offering but not an IPO. Once the transaction is ...
an initial public offering (IPO) – shares of the company are offered to the public, typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares; a merger or acquisition – the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company;
Book building is an alternative method of making a public issue in which applications are accepted from huge buyers such as financial institutions, corporations or high net-worth individuals, almost on firm allotment basis, instead of asking them to apply in public offer. Book building is a relatively new option for issues of securities, the ...
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE): To be eligible for an initial public offering (IPO) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange SSE, a company must meet certain criteria such as minimum market capitalization, a minimum net profit, and a minimum number of shareholders. Also, the company’s total share capital must not be less than RMB 30 million.
Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004. At IPO, the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. [69] [70] The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. [73]