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The Lusitanian War, called Pyrinos Polemos ("the Fiery War") in Greek, [1] was a war of resistance fought by the Lusitanian tribes of Hispania Ulterior against the advancing legions of the Roman Republic from 155 to 139 BC. The Lusitanians revolted in 155 BC, and again in 146 BC and were pacified.
Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or western Iberia (as the Greeks called it), where the Roman province of Lusitania would be finally established after the conquest.
Statue of Viriatus, the Lusitanian leader during the Lusitanian War (155 to 139 BCE). The Lusitanians were considered by historians to be particularly adept at guerrilla warfare. The strongest amongst them were selected to defend the populace in mountainous sites. [36]
The Iberian Peninsula in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117–138 AD) showing, in western Iberia, the imperial province of Lusitania (Portugal and Extremadura). Lusitania (/ ˌ l uː s ɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə /; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Iberian Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present ...
The conquest of Oxthracae terrified the surrounding tribes, including the Vettones, who immediately sought terms of surrender, temporarily securing Roman dominance in the region, however, once Atilius withdrew his forces to winter quarters, the Lusitanians revolted and besieged some of Rome's allied settlements.
Viriathus had been leading a successful guerrilla war against the Romans. In one of these engagements, he ambushed and defeated the Roman commander Caius Vetilius, who had been pursuing him in Tribola. Viriathus used the terrain to his advantage, hiding in dense thickets before launching a surprise attack.
In response to the Lusitanian battles, Mummius pursued the Lusitanian forces into Africa. Mummius successfully defeated the Lusitanian rebels and ended the siege at Ocile. Mummius successfully defeated the Lusitanian rebels and ended the siege at Ocile.
When they got in, he had them killed by the army. This is similar to the kind of treachery with which Servius Sulpicius Galba butchered many Lusitanians to end their rebellion of 155–150 BC (see Lusitanian War and Viriathic War section). [150] In 82 BC, there was a Celtiberian rebellion. Gaius Valerius Flaccus was sent against them and killed ...