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This type of doctoral degree is called ronbun hakase, which can be called PhD by thesis in English, though translated as "Doctoral Degree (Thesis / Dissertation)" by Kyoto University. [3] This degree can be obtained by passing a dissertation review without the guidance of a doctoral advisor. The dissertation is reviewed by a committee at the ...
Passing the entrance exam to a university is a major life step for a young Japanese person. Higher education in Japan is provided at universities (大学 daigaku), junior colleges (短期大学 tanki daigaku), colleges of technology (高等専門学校 kōtō senmon gakkō) and special training schools and community colleges (専修学校 senshū gakkō).
A person pursuing a doctoral degree must already hold a Master's degree, and is typically employed by the university, or enjoys a similar grant, and will be called väitöskirjatutkija (doctoral researcher), nuorempi tutkija (early career researcher), or tohtorikoulutettava (doctoral student). [8] Besides post-doctoral researchers ...
Postdoctoral research may be required for obtaining a tenure-track faculty position, especially at research-oriented institutions. Post-doctoral appointments that were traditionally optional have become mandatory in some fields as the degree of competition for tenure-track positions in academia has significantly increased over previous decades.
The National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (政策研究大学院大学, Seisaku Kenkyū Daigakuin Daigaku), or GRIPS, is a public research graduate school located in Minato, Tokyo. Funded by the Japanese government, it is the second smallest [1] by enrollment of all the national universities in Japan.
Institute of Information Security (情報セキュリティ大学院大学, Jōhō sekyuriti daigaku-in daigaku) is a private university in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture Japan. It was established in 2004 and offers a graduate studies and post-doctorate studies program
This can be demonstrated by leading a research group, being a junior professor, or other achievements in research and teaching as a post-doctoral researcher. The habilitation in Germany is usually earned after several years of independent research and teaching, either "internally" while working at a university or "externally" as a research and ...
The French academic system used to have a higher doctorate, called the "state doctorate" (doctorat d'État), but, in 1984, it was superseded by the habilitation (Habilitation à diriger des recherches, "habilitation to supervise (doctoral and post-doctoral) research", abbreviated HDR) which is the prerequisite to supervise PhDs and to apply to ...