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A penetrometer is also used in longer professional cricket matches, to measure how the pitch is holding up over the course of a multi-day match. British horse racing courses have been required, since 2009, to report the readings obtained using a penetrometer, [ 1 ] on each day of a race meeting.
The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils.
The Fall cone test, also called the cone penetrometer test or the Vasiljev cone test, is an alternative method to the Casagrande method for measuring the Liquid Limit of a soil sample proposed in 1942 by the Russian researcher Piotr Vasiljev (Russian: Пё́тр Васи́льев) and first mentioned in the Russian standard GOST 5184 from 1949.
Symbol used in drawings Standard penetration test N values from a surficial aquifer in south Florida.. The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties of soil.
Another method for measuring the liquid limit is the fall cone test, also called the cone penetrometer test. It is based on the measurement of penetration into the soil of a standardized stainless steel cone of specific apex angle, length and mass.
A dynamic cone penetrometer test is an in situ test in which a weight is manually lifted and dropped on a cone which penetrates the ground. the number of mm per hit are recorded and this is used to estimate certain soil properties. This is a simple test method and usually needs backing up with lab data to get a good correlation.
Diagram showing the principle of a cone penetrometer to obtain the soil's strength profile. Diagram showing the principle of a shear vane to measure the soil's peak strength and residual strength. Information on the mechanical strength of the soil can be obtained in situ (from the seabed itself as opposed to in a laboratory from a soil sample).
The first patent for a system designed to use continuous-wave radar to locate buried objects was submitted by Gotthelf Leimbach and Heinrich Löwy in 1910, six years after the first patent for radar itself (patent DE 237 944).