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The velocity factor (VF), [1] also called wave propagation speed or velocity of propagation (VoP or ), [2] of a transmission medium is the ratio of the speed at which a wavefront (of an electromagnetic signal, a radio signal, a light pulse in an optical fibre or a change of the electrical voltage on a copper wire) passes through the medium, to the speed of light in vacuum.
Coaxial cable, or coax ... VF is the Velocity Factor; it is determined by the effective ... Toggle the table of contents. Coaxial cable.
However the approximate velocity factor for the major types of transmission lines is given in the table. Electrical length is widely used with a graphical aid called the Smith chart to solve transmission line calculations. A Smith chart has a scale around the circumference of the circular chart graduated in wavelengths and degrees, which ...
the velocity of propagation is given by, =. The lower the capacitance the higher the velocity. With an air dielectric cable, which is approximated to with low-loss cable, the velocity of propagation is very close to c, the speed of light in vacuo. [27]
Typical values of Z 0 are 50 or 75 ohms for a coaxial cable, about 100 ohms for a twisted pair of wires, and about 300 ohms for a common type of untwisted pair used in radio transmission. Propagation delay is proportional to the length of the transmission line and is never less than the length divided by the speed of light .
The characteristic impedance of coaxial cables (coax) is commonly chosen to be 50 Ω for RF and microwave applications. Coax for video applications is usually 75 Ω for its lower loss. See also: Nominal impedance § 50 Ω and 75 Ω
Four stages of skin effect in a coax showing the effect on inductance. Diagrams show a cross-section of the coaxial cable. Color code: black = overall insulating sheath, tan = conductor, white = dielectric, green = current into the diagram, blue = current coming out of the diagram, dashed black lines with arrowheads = magnetic flux (B). The ...
RG-6/U is a common type of coaxial cable used in a wide variety of residential and commercial applications. An RG-6/U coaxial cable has a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms. The term, RG-6 , is generic and is applied to a wide variety of cable designs, which differ from one another in shielding characteristics, center conductor composition ...