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  2. x86 memory segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_memory_segmentation

    The x86-64 architecture does not use segmentation in long mode (64-bit mode). Four of the segment registers, CS, SS, DS, and ES, are forced to base address 0, and the limit to 2 64. The segment registers FS and GS can still have a nonzero base address. This allows operating systems to use these segments for special purposes.

  3. x86 memory models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_memory_models

    Four registers are used to refer to four segments on the 16-bit x86 segmented memory architecture. DS (data segment), CS (code segment), SS (stack segment), and ES (extra segment). Another 16-bit register can act as an offset into a given segment, and so a logical address on this platform is written segment:offset, typically in hexadecimal ...

  4. Memory segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_segmentation

    In a system using segmentation, computer memory addresses consist of a segment id and an offset within the segment. [3] A hardware memory management unit (MMU) is responsible for translating the segment and offset into a physical address, and for performing checks to make sure the translation can be done and that the reference to that segment and offset is permitted.

  5. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

    Load segment limit from the specified segment descriptor. Sets ZF=1 if the descriptor could be loaded, ZF=0 otherwise. VERR r/m16: 0F 00 /4: Verify a segment for reading. Sets ZF=1 if segment can be read, ZF=0 otherwise. VERW r/m16: 0F 00 /5: Verify a segment for writing. Sets ZF=1 if segment can be written, ZF=0 otherwise. [j] LOADALL [k] 0F 05

  6. Segment descriptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segment_descriptor

    In memory addressing for Intel x86 computer architectures, segment descriptors are a part of the segmentation unit, used for translating a logical address to a linear address. Segment descriptors describe the memory segment referred to in the logical address. [1] The segment descriptor (8 bytes long in 80286 and later) contains the following ...

  7. x86 assembly language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language

    The x86 architecture in real and virtual 8086 mode uses a process known as segmentation to address memory, not the flat memory model used in many other environments. Segmentation involves composing a memory address from two parts, a segment and an offset ; the segment points to the beginning of a 64 KiB (64×2 10 ) group of addresses and the ...

  8. Far pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_pointer

    In a segmented architecture computer, a far pointer is a pointer to memory in a specific context, [1] such as a segment selector making it possible to point to addresses outside of the default segment. Comparison and arithmetic on far pointers is problematic: there can be several different segment-offset address pairs pointing to one physical ...

  9. x86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86

    The aged 32-bit x86 was competing with much more advanced 64-bit RISC architectures which could address much more memory. Intel and the whole x86 ecosystem needed 64-bit memory addressing if x86 was to survive the 64-bit computing era, as workstation and desktop software applications were soon to start hitting the limits of 32-bit memory ...