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Desert climates have the highest radiative cooling potential due to low year-round humidity and cloud cover, while tropical climates have less potential due to higher humidity and cloud cover. [5] [39] Costs for global implementation have been estimated at $1.25 to $2.5 trillion or about 3% of global GDP, with expected economies of scale. [38]
IEC 60068 is an international standard for the environmental testing of electrotechnical products that is published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).. IEC 60068 is a collection of methods [1] for environmental testing of electronic equipment and products to assess their ability to perform under environmental conditions including extreme cold and dry heat.
T w = Natural wet-bulb temperature (combined with dry-bulb temperature indicates humidity) T g = Globe thermometer temperature (measured with a globe thermometer, also known as a black globe thermometer) T d = Dry-bulb temperature (actual air temperature) Temperatures may be in either Celsius or Fahrenheit; Indoors the following formula is used:
Specific humidity (or moisture content) is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the air parcel. [17] Specific humidity is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor in an air parcel to the mass of dry air for the same parcel. As temperature decreases, the amount of ...
Electronic components themselves may be selected for their ability to withstand higher and lower operating temperatures than typical commercial components. Design engineering decisions such as reduction of cabling, addition of liquid cooling and heat sinks , and rugged materials, are made to ensure performance in harsh environments.
where E a is the activation energy for the temperature-induced failure (most often 0.7 eV for electronics), k is the Boltzmann constant, T o is the operating temperature in kelvins, and T s is the stressed temperature.
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Battery-powered, formerly mechanical, the data logger is today an electronic device that can be programmed to record individual values over periods of a few hours to several months. Most are used to monitor temperature conditions, and some versions can also measure the relative humidity.