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  2. Vietnamese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology

    Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.

  3. Vietnamese alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet

    Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.

  4. Vietnamese morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_morphology

    Most words are created by either compounding or reduplicative derivation. Affixation is a relatively minor derivational process. Older styles of Vietnamese writing wrote polysyllabic words with hyphens separating the syllables, as in cào-cào "grasshopper", sinh-vật-học "biology", or cà-phê "coffee".

  5. Help:IPA/Vietnamese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese

    1 Notes. 2 See also. Toggle the table of contents ... This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Vietnamese on ... See Vietnamese phonology for a more ...

  6. Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary

    Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary (Vietnamese: từ Hán Việt, Chữ Hán: 詞漢越, literally 'Chinese-Vietnamese words') is a layer of about 3,000 monosyllabic morphemes of the Vietnamese language borrowed from Literary Chinese with consistent pronunciations based on Middle Chinese. Compounds using these morphemes are used extensively in cultural ...

  7. Chữ Nôm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chữ_Nôm

    Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]

  8. Voiced palatal nasal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal

    The voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant used in some spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɲ , [1] a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter.

  9. Voiced retroflex nasal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal

    See Swedish phonology: Tamil [5] அணல் / aṇal [aɳal] 'neck' See Tamil phonology: Telugu: గొణుగు / goṇugu [goɳugu] 'murmur' Occurs as allophone of anuswara when followed by Voiced retroflex plosives. Vietnamese [6] anh trả [aɳ˧ ʈa˨˩˦] 'you pay' Allophone of /n/ before /ʈ/ in Saigon dialect. See Vietnamese phonology