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Standard Costing is a technique of Cost Accounting to compare the actual costs with standard costs (that are pre-defined) with the help of Variance Analysis. It is used to understand the variations of product costs in manufacturing. [6] Standard costing allocates fixed costs incurred in an accounting period to the goods produced during that period.
In the FIFO example above, the company (Foo Co.), using LIFO accounting, would expense the cost associated with the first 75 units at $59, 125 more units at $55, and the remaining 10 units at $50. Under LIFO, the total cost of sales for November would be $11,800. The ending inventory would be calculated the following way:
Process costing is an accounting methodology that traces and accumulates direct costs, and allocates indirect costs of a manufacturing process. Costs are assigned to products, usually in a large batch, which might include an entire month's production. Eventually, costs have to be allocated to individual units of product.
Futures contracts and cost basis. Calculating the cost basis for futures contracts involves assessing the difference between a commodity’s local spot price and its associated futures price. For ...
The latter utilize cost drivers to attach activity costs to outputs. [1] The Institute of Cost Accountants of India says, ABC systems calculate the costs of individual activities and assign costs to cost objects such as products and services on the basis of the activities undertaken to produce each product or services. It accurately identifies ...
Average cost. The average cost method relies on average unit cost to calculate cost of units sold and ending inventory. Several variations on the calculation may be used, including weighted average and moving average. First-In First-Out (FIFO) assumes that the items purchased or produced first are sold first.
The average cost is computed by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total units available for sale. This gives a weighted-average unit cost that is applied to the units in the ending inventory. There are two commonly used average cost methods: Simple weighted-average cost method and perpetual weighted-average cost method. [2]
The costs k 1, k 2 are the variable costs of the two outputs which need to be determined. k I represents the known variable costs of the input. K var denotes the respective sum of the variable costs. a 1 and a 2 are the allocation factors for the respective output, i.e. they describe the proportion of the input that is assigned to a co-product.