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1-Ethynylcyclohexanol (ECX) is an alkynyl alcohol derivative which is both a synthetic precursor to, and an active metabolite of the tranquilizer ethinamate, and has similar sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects. It has been sold as a designer drug, first being identified in the UK in March 2012. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanone carbamate) is synthesized by combining acetylene with cyclohexanone to make 1-ethynylcyclohexanol, and then transforming this into a carbamate by the subsequent reaction with phosgene, and later with ammonia. Some lithium metal or similar is used to make the acetylene react with the cyclohexanone in the first ...
The base used in the original research paper is ammonia and the solvent is water or an alcohol. The reaction was first reported by Carl Andreas Glaser in 1869. [1] [2] He suggested the following process on his way to diphenylbutadiyne: CuCl + PhC 2 H + NH 3 → PhC 2 Cu + NH 4 Cl 4 PhC 2 Cu + O 2 → 2PhC 2 C 2 Ph + 2Cu 2 O
1-Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH 3 (CH 2) 5 OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol .
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Cyclohexanol is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [5]. 2 C 6 H 12 + O 2 → 2 C 6 H 11 OH. This process coforms cyclohexanone, and this mixture ("KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil) is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [11]. C 6 H 12 + O 2 → (CH 2) 5 CO + H 2 O. This process forms cyclohexanol as a by-product, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
Several routes exist for the production of cyclohexenone. For the laboratory scale, it can be produced from resorcinol via 1,3-cyclohexanedione. [6] Cyclohexenone is obtained by Birch reduction of anisole followed by acid hydrolysis. It can be obtained from cyclohexanone by α-bromination followed by treatment with base.