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Epigallocatechin and gallocatechin contain an additional phenolic hydroxyl group when compared to epicatechin and catechin, respectively, similar to the difference in pyrogallol compared to pyrocatechol. Catechin gallates are gallic acid esters of the catechins; an example is epigallocatechin gallate, which is commonly the most abundant ...
Catechins are diverse among foods, [15] from peaches [17] to green tea and vinegar. [15] [18] Catechins are found in barley grain, where they are the main phenolic compound responsible for dough discoloration. [19] The taste associated with monomeric (+)-catechin or (−)-epicatechin is described as slightly astringent, but not bitter. [20]
The amount of catechins present varies among grape varieties with varietals like Pinot noir having high concentrations while Merlot and especially Syrah have very low levels. [17] As an antioxidant, there are some studies into the health benefits of moderate consumption of wines high in catechins.
Most of the polyphenols in green tea are flavan-3-ols (catechins). The phenolic content in tea refers to the phenols and polyphenols, natural plant compounds which are found in tea. These chemical compounds affect the flavor and mouthfeel of tea. Polyphenols in tea include catechins, theaflavins, tannins, and flavonoids.
Flavonoids (specifically flavanoids such as the catechins) are "the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet and are found ubiquitously in plants". [ 1 ] [ 10 ] Flavonols, the original bioflavonoids such as quercetin , are also found ubiquitously, but in lesser quantities.
Epicatechin (EC), one of the building blocks of procyanidins Cyanidin, the anthocyanidin produced when procyanidin are depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Procyanidins are members of the proanthocyanidin (or condensed tannins) class of flavonoids. They are oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules.
Procyanidin B2 is a B type proanthocyanidin.Its structure is (−)-Epicatechin-(4β→8)-(−)-epicatechin.Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon: in the rind, bark, and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn: in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw: in the root), in Vitis ...
Proanthocyanidins are mostly polymeric units of catechin and epicatechin. The C-glucoside substructure of polyphenols is exemplified by the phenol-saccharide conjugate puerarin, a midmolecular-weight plant natural product. The attachment of the phenol to the saccharide is by a carbon-carbon bond.