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  2. Neutralization (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)

    In the context of a chemical reaction the term neutralization is used for a reaction between an acid and a base or alkali. Historically, this reaction was represented as acid + base (alkali) → salt + water x H y A + y B(OH) x → B y A x + xy H 2 O. For example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O

  3. Common-ion effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-ion_effect

    For example, if both sodium acetate and acetic acid are dissolved in the same solution they both dissociate and ionize to produce acetate ions. Sodium acetate is a strong electrolyte, so it dissociates completely in solution. Acetic acid is a weak acid, so it only ionizes slightly. According to Le Chatelier's principle, the addition of acetate ...

  4. Sodium sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate

    Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba 2+ or Pb 2+ salts: Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO 4. Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents.

  5. Dehydration reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration_reaction

    The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O. Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.

  6. Acetic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid

    acetyl chloride SOCl 2 acetic acid (i) Li[AlH 4], ether (ii) H 3 O + ethanol Two typical organic reactions of acetic acid Acetic acid undergoes the typical chemical reactions of a carboxylic acid. Upon treatment with a standard base, it converts to metal acetate and water. With strong bases (e.g., organolithium reagents), it can be doubly deprotonated to give LiCH 2 COOLi. Reduction of acetic ...

  7. Enthalpy of neutralization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_neutralization

    In chemistry and thermodynamics, the enthalpy of neutralization (ΔH n) is the change in enthalpy that occurs when one equivalent of an acid and a base undergo a neutralization reaction to form water and a salt. It is a special case of the enthalpy of reaction. It is defined as the energy released with the formation of 1 mole of water.

  8. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    The reaction of fatty acids with base is the other main method of saponification. In this case, the reaction involves neutralization of the carboxylic acid. The neutralization method is used to produce industrial soaps such as those derived from magnesium, the transition metals, and aluminium.

  9. Hydrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis

    The salt also dissociates into its constituent anions and cations. For example, sodium acetate dissociates in water into sodium and acetate ions. Sodium ions react very little with the hydroxide ions whereas the acetate ions combine with hydronium ions to produce acetic acid.