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This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
The history of the rupee traces back to ancient times in the Indian subcontinent. The mention of rūpya by Pāṇini is seemingly the earliest reference in a text about coins. [ 2 ] The term in Indian subcontinent was used for referring to a coin.
The history of money is the development over time of systems for the exchange of goods and services. Money is a means of fulfilling these functions indirectly and in general rather than directly, as with barter .
India was forced to sell dollars to the extent of close to US$35 billion in the spot markets in Financial Year 2009 due to 22% depreciation in rupee (against the dollar) in the same fiscal year 2009. In 2009, India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund, worth US$6.7bn (€4.57bn, £4.10bn). [15]
The Digital Rupee (e₹) [39] or eINR or E-Rupee is a tokenised digital version of the Indian Rupee, issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as a central bank digital currency (CBDC). [40] The Digital Rupee was proposed in January 2017 and launched on 1 December 2022. [41] Digital Rupee is using blockchain distributed-ledger technology. [42]
With India's foreign exchange reserves at $1.2 billion in January 1991 [21] [22] [23] and depleted by half by June, [23] barely enough to last for roughly 3 weeks of essential imports, [22] [24] India was only weeks away from defaulting on its external balance of payment obligations.
An anna (or ānna) was a currency unit formerly used in British India, equal to 1 ⁄ 16 of a rupee. [1] It was subdivided into four pices or twelve pies (thus there were 192 pies in a rupee). When the rupee was decimalised and subdivided into 100 (new) paise, one anna was therefore equivalent to 6.25 paise.
On 12 March 1993, a car bomb exploded in the basement of the building during the 1993 Bombay bombings. [17] The BSE is also a Partner Exchange of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchange initiative, joining in September 2012. [18] BSE established India INX on 30 December 2016. India INX is the first international exchange of India. [19]