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  2. Envelopment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelopment

    The enveloping force can become overextended and cut off from friendly forces by an enemy counterattack, or the enemy can counterattack against the fixing force. [3] According to the United States Army there exist four types of envelopment: [1] A flanking maneuver or single envelopment consists of one enveloping force attacking one of the enemy ...

  3. Non-fatal offences against the person in English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fatal_offences_against...

    The term "force" rather than "violence" is used by the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). [8] As a definition, this has proven stable, but its interpretation has varied. [7] The force must be unlawful – outside the realm of defensive or preventative force, for example. Consent of the victim may be enough to prevent the commission of a crime.

  4. Use of force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_force

    For the English law on the use of force in crime prevention, see Self-defence in English law.The Australian position on the use of troops for civil policing is set out by Michael Head in Calling Out the Troops: Disturbing Trends and Unanswered Questions; [4] compare "Use of Deadly Force by the South African Police Services Re-visited" [5] by Malebo Keebine-Sibanda and Omphemetse Sibanda.

  5. Force (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_(law)

    In Indian Penal Code, Section 349 explains the meaning of force as under:- 'A person is said to use force to another if he causes motion, change of motion, or cessation of motion to that other, or if he causes to any substance such motion, or change of motion, or cessation of motion as brings that substance into contact with any part of that other's body, or with anything which that other is ...

  6. Self-defence in English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-defence_in_English_law

    The right to use reasonable force to prevent crime comes from statute (S3 Criminal Law Act 1967). The definition of reasonable force is the same as the self-defence test. The definition of what constitutes a "crime" was clarified in R v Jones (Margaret)[2005] QB 259 [25] as any domestic crime in England or Wales. Unlike self-defence, this ...

  7. Match fixing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match_fixing

    In organized sports, match fixing (also known as game fixing, race fixing, throwing, rigging or more generally sports fixing) is the act of playing or officiating a contest with the intention of achieving a predetermined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. There are many reasons why match fixing might take place ...

  8. English law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_law

    English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The judiciary is independent , and legal principles like fairness , equality before the law , and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.

  9. Treason Act 1351 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason_Act_1351

    The Act is still in force in the United Kingdom. It is also still in force in some former British colonies, including New South Wales. [6] [7] Like other laws of the time, it was written in Norman French. The Act is the origin of the definition of treason in the United States (in Article III of the Constitution).