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The hypoglossal nerve may be connected (anastomosed) to the facial nerve to attempt to restore function when the facial nerve is damaged. Attempts at repair by either wholly or partially connecting nerve fibres from the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve may be used when there is focal facial nerve damage (for example, from trauma or cancer).
Bulbar palsy involves problems with function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the vagus nerve (CN X), the accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). [1] These all emerge from pathways in the medulla oblongata. [1] A lower motor neuron lesion can impair their function. [5] [1]
This specifically involves the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and hypoglossal nerve (XII). [2] This disorder should not be confused with pseudobulbar palsy or progressive spinal muscular atrophy. [2] The term infantile progressive bulbar palsy is used to describe progressive bulbar
facial nerve bell's palsy; bilateral facial palsy; congenital (trauma, Mobius syndrome, cardiofacial syndrome) glossopharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal neuralgia; glomus jugulare tumor; vagus nerve injury; spinal accessory nerve palsy; hypoglossal nerve injury
The hypoglossal nerve (XII) supplies the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, controlling tongue movement. [16] The hypoglossal nerve (XII) is unique in that it is supplied by the motor cortices of both hemispheres of the brain. [17] Damage to the nerve may lead to fasciculations or wasting of the muscles of the tongue. This will lead to weakness ...
In the Gomez review, the facial nerve was affected in all cases while the hypoglossal nerve was involved in all cases except one. Other cranial nerves involved were vagus, trigeminal, spinal accessory nerve, abducens, oculomotor, and glossopharyngeal in this order. Corticospinal tract signs were found in 2 of the 14 patients. [citation needed]
Nerve transfers using the hypoglossal or masseteric nerves and the "babysitter" procedure result in first contractions of the mimic muscles after approximately 4 to 6 months. [4] [5] However, after the use of the hypoglossal nerve control of facial movements is hard to obtain by the patient and a spontaneous smile may not occur at all. [5]
Cranial nerves that control the muscles relevant to dysarthria include the trigeminal nerve's motor branch (V), the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII).