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One of the most common variables of the biomass briquette production process is the way the biomass is dried out. Manufacturers can use torrefaction, carbonization, or varying degrees of pyrolysis. Researchers concluded that torrefaction and carbonization are the most efficient forms of drying out biomass, but the use of the briquette ...
Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment of biomass at 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608 °F). It is carried out under atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen.During the torrefaction process, the water contained in the biomass as well as superfluous volatiles are released, and the biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly decompose, giving off various types of volatiles. [4]
Some charcoal briquettes. A briquette (French:; also spelled briquet) is a compressed block of coal dust [1] or other combustible biomass material (e.g. charcoal, sawdust, wood chips, [2] peat, or paper) used for fuel and kindling to start a fire.
Methane pyrolysis [40] is an industrial process for "turquoise" hydrogen production from methane by removing solid carbon from natural gas. [41] This one-step process produces hydrogen in high volume at low cost (less than steam reforming with carbon sequestration). [42] No greenhouse gas is released. No deep well injection of carbon dioxide is ...
Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by pushing material through a die of the desired cross-section. Its two main advantages over other manufacturing processes are its ability to create very complex cross-sections; and to work materials that are brittle, because the material encounters only ...
Wood pellets. Pellet fuels (or pellets) are a type of solid fuel made from compressed organic material. [1] Pellets can be made from any one of five general categories of biomass: industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and untreated lumber. [2]
Waste-to-energy technology includes fermentation, which can take biomass and create ethanol, using waste cellulosic or organic material. [17] In the fermentation process, the sugar in the waste is converted to carbon dioxide and alcohol, in the same general process that is used to make wine. Normally fermentation occurs with no air present.
The Alpena biorefinery plant in the USA. A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts (such as chemicals). The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 42 defined biorefining as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)". [1]