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The upper surface of each usually has a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The transverse foramen may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but it is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally, it is double, and sometimes it is absent.
C2 innervates the rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis muscles, and provides sensory nerves to the trapezius and the back of the scalp and upper neck. [2] At the atlantoaxial joint, the C2 spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cord through a small bony opening known as the intervertebral foramen located above the C2 vertebra.
In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The spinal cord passes through the axis. The defining feature of the axis is its strong bony protrusion known as the dens, which rises from the superior aspect of the bone.
Foramina Number Vessels Nerves frontal-supraorbital foramen: 2: supraorbital artery supraorbital vein: supraorbital nerve: frontal: anterior cranial fossa: foramen cecum: 1: emissary veins to superior sagittal sinus from the upper part of the nose [3] ethmoid: anterior cranial fossa (osama) foramina of cribriform plate ~20-olfactory nerve ...
They then proceed superiorly, in the transverse foramen of each cervical vertebra. [1] Once they have passed through the transverse foramen of C1 (also known as the atlas), the vertebral arteries travel across the posterior arch of C1 and through the suboccipital triangle [3] before entering the foramen magnum. [1]
Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverse foramen (also known as foramen transversarium). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus. On the cervical vertebrae other than the atlas, the anterior and posterior tubercles are on either side of ...
The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the longus colli muscles and the anterior longitudinal ligament; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis.
Sectional organization of spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. [3] [4] Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous ...