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foramen spinosum: 2: middle meningeal artery: meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (V 3) sphenoid: middle cranial fossa: foramen lacerum: 2: artery of pterygoid canal, Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, emissary vein: nerve of pterygoid canal through its anterior wall temporal: middle cranial fossa: carotid canal: 2: internal ...
It is situated in front of the trunks of the cervical nerves, and pursues an almost vertical course as far as the transverse process of the axis. The third (extradural or atlantic) part issues from the C2 foramen transversarium on the medial side of the Rectus capitis lateralis.
In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The spinal cord passes through the axis. The defining feature of the axis is its strong bony protrusion known as the dens, which rises from the superior aspect of the bone.
The upper surface of each usually has a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The transverse foramen may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but it is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally, it is double, and sometimes it is absent.
C2 innervates the rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis muscles, and provides sensory nerves to the trapezius and the back of the scalp and upper neck. [2] At the atlantoaxial joint, the C2 spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cord through a small bony opening known as the intervertebral foramen located above the C2 vertebra.
Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverse foramen (also known as foramen transversarium). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus. On the cervical vertebrae other than the atlas, the anterior and posterior tubercles are on either side of ...
Again, since the vertebral foramen is large there is less chance of spinal cord involvement. The worst-case scenario for these injuries is that dislocation or subluxation of the cervical vertebrae occurs. This often happens at the C2 level, where the body of C2 moves anteriorly with respect to C3.
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the cervical plexus that arises from the second and third cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3). It curves around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle, then pierces the fascia of the neck before dividing into two branches ...