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Quorum sensing (QS) is used by bacteria to form biofilms. Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to form biofilms because the process determines if the minimum number of bacteria necessary for biofilm formation are present. The criteria to form a biofilm is dependent on a certain density of bacteria rather than a certain number of bacteria being ...
Microbes are a key player in charge of the fate of nitrogen in soil and water. AHL-mediated quorum sensing has an important role in Nitrogen cycle. All nitrifying bacteria and some denitrifying bacteria use AHL as their signal molecules. [20] AHLs influence the efficiency of and regulate the functions involved in nitrification and denitrification.
Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent) that—as the name suggests—is an autoinducer, a member of a family of signaling molecules used in quorum sensing. [1] AI-2 is one of only a few known biomolecules incorporating boron.
Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amongst other organisms, frequently cited as bacterial surfactants. [1] [2] [3] They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.
The structure of ajoene was determined and it was synthesized based on biosynthetic considerations in 1984, [1] correcting an incorrect structure published in 1983. [2] A short, scalable total synthesis of ajoene was reported in 2018 by Wirth and coworkers [3] while a biosynthetically modeled synthesis of trifluoroajoene from difluoroallicin was published in 2017. [4]
p-Cymene is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound. It is classified as an alkylbenzene related to monocyclic monoterpenes. [3] Its structure consists of a benzene ring para-substituted with a methyl group and an isopropyl group. p-Cymene is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents.
The Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) provides a link between the las and rhI quorum sensing systems. [4] The las system regulates the lasB gene that encodes the lasB elastase enzyme. The lasB elastase enzyme is a secreted protease that functions in causing tissue damage to the host.
Accessory gene regulator (agr) is a complex 5 gene locus that is a global regulator of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. [1] [2] [3] It encodes a two-component transcriptional quorum-sensing (QS) system activated by an autoinducing, thiolactone-containing cyclic peptide (AIP).