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6 kW Hall thruster in operation at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by Edwin Hall) are sometimes referred to as Hall thrusters or Hall-current thrusters.
An alternate form of electric propulsion, the Hall-effect thruster, was studied independently in the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. Hall-effect thrusters operated on Soviet satellites from 1972 until the late 1990s, mainly used for satellite stabilization in north–south and in east–west directions.
PPS-1350 is a Hall-effect thruster, a kind of ion propulsion system for spacecraft. It was used in the SMART-1 mission to the moon and one geostationary satellites: Inmarsat-4A F4. [1] [2] It creates a stream of electrically charged xenon ions accelerated by an electric field and confined by a magnetic field. [3]
Hall effect thruster: 8: SPT-70: Xenon: Gazcom: OKB Fakel: Ekspress-AM 1: 29 Oct 2004: 10 Aug 2013: Hall effect thruster: 8: SPT-100: Xenon: RSCC: OKB Fakel: AMC 12 (Astra 4A / Star One C12 / now: NSS 10) 3 Feb 2005: Hall effect thruster: 4: SPT-100: Xenon: SES Americom: OKB Fakel: Communications satellite based on Alcatel Alenia Spacebus ...
Some devices that are used or proposed for use as thrusters are: Cold gas thruster; Electrohydrodynamic thruster, using ionized air (only for use in an atmosphere) Electrodeless plasma thruster, electric propulsion using ponderomotive force; Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes; Hall effect thruster, a type of ion thruster
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One very important feature of the Hall effect is that it differentiates between positive charges moving in one direction and negative charges moving in the opposite. In the diagram above, the Hall effect with a negative charge carrier (the electron) is presented. But consider the same magnetic field and current are applied but the current is ...
Busek has also developed Hall thrusters that operate on iodine, [10] [11] bismuth, [12] [13] carbon dioxide, [14] magnesium, [15] zinc, [16] and other substances. An iodine fueled 200 W Busek Hall thruster will fly on NASA's iSat (Iodine Satellite) mission. Busek is also preparing a 600 Watt iodine Hall thruster system for future Discovery ...