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Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping [2]: §1.2.2, [12] tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database .
The JDBC classes are contained in the Java package java.sql and javax.sql. Starting with version 3.1, JDBC has been developed under the Java Community Process . JSR 54 specifies JDBC 3.0 (included in J2SE 1.4), JSR 114 specifies the JDBC Rowset additions, and JSR 221 is the specification of JDBC 4.0 (included in Java SE 6).
Views can represent a subset of the data contained in a table. Consequently, a view can limit the degree of exposure of the underlying tables to the outer world: a given user may have permission to query the view, while denied access to the rest of the base table. [2] Views can join and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual table. [2]
In a relational database, the schema defines the tables, fields, relationships, views, indexes, packages, procedures, functions, queues, triggers, types, sequences, materialized views, synonyms, database links, directories, XML schemas, and other elements. A database generally stores its schema in a data dictionary. Although a schema is defined ...
JPQL is based on the Hibernate Query Language (HQL), an earlier non-standard query language included in the Hibernate object-relational mapping library. Hibernate and the HQL were created before the JPA specification. As of Hibernate 3 JPQL is a subset of HQL.
In the SQL 1992 specification, the types of components that can be created are schemas, tables, views, domains, character sets, collations, translations, and assertions. [2] Many implementations extend the syntax to allow creation of additional elements, such as indexes and user profiles.
The most widespread use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture (for example, Cisco's Hierarchical internetworking model). N-tier application architecture provides a model by which developers can create flexible and reusable applications. By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or ...
The term "database design" can describe many different parts of the design of an overall database system. Principally, and most correctly, it can be thought of as the logical design of the base data structures used to store the data. In the relational model these are the tables and views.