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Judges is the only Biblical book that mentions Baʿal Berith and El Berith. [1] [2] [3] It is not clear whether they are actually one god, nor whether they are separate forms of Baʿal and El. Scholars suppose that he or they may have been worshipped for connections to fertility and vegetation, based on Judges 9:27.
Baal (/ ˈ b eɪ. əl, ˈ b ɑː. əl /), [6] [a] or Baʻal, [b] was a title and honorific meaning 'owner' or 'lord' in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. [ 11 ]
His name was surely taken from Ba'al Berith, a form of Baal worshiped in Berith , Phoenicia. In Alchemy Berith was the element with which all metals could be transmuted into gold. [citation needed] "Berith" is the Hebrew word for covenant, it was originated from the Akkadian (Babylonian) word "Biritu" which means "to fetter" or "to bond".
Baal-berith – lord of the covenant Baale – same as Baalath Baal-gad – lord Gad, or lord of Gad, or lord of fortune/felicity Baal-hamon – he who rules a crowd Baal-hanan – Ba'al is gracious Baal-hermon – lord of destruction / of a cursed-thing Baali – my lord; lord over me Baalim – lords; masters; (later Jewish use: false gods)
Berith, Berit, or Brit (Hebrew: ברית) may refer to: Covenants in Hebrew, particularly The biblical covenant between God and Israel; Brit milah, ceremony of circumcision; Berit Rihitzah, "Covenant of Washing" for girls; Brit Bat, "Covenant of the Daughter", Jewish naming ceremony for newborn girls; Baal Berith, Canaanite deity
According to the narrative about Jotham in the Book of Judges, Shechem was a site where there was a sanctuary of El-Berith, also known as Baal Berith, meaning "God of the covenant" and "Lord of the covenant", respectively; [38] scholars have suggested that the Joshua story about the site derives from a covenant made there in Canaanite times. [39]
The source for the name Beelzebub is in the Books of Kings (2 Kings 1:2–3, 6, 16), written Baʿal zəvuv, referring to a deity worshipped by the Philistines in the city of Ekron.
Canaanite deities such as Baal were represented by figures which were placed in shrines, often on hilltops, or 'high places' surrounded by groves of trees, such as is condemned in the Hebrew Bible, in Hosea (v 13a) which would probably hold the Asherah pole, and standing stones or pillars. [39]