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Due to the drawbacks of Norwegian couplers, the Indonesian State Railways adopted the Janney couplers starting in 1951. [note 3] [4] To allow interoperability with the older rolling stock equipped with Norwegian couplers, early Janney couplers would have gap which allowed the use of Norwegian coupler adaptor called "Perdijk" device. [5]
The coupler was developed in 1932 and named SA3 (abbreviation of Russian Советская автосцепка, 3-й вариант, Soviet Automatic-Coupler 3rd Variant) and was an improved version of the Willison coupler, with better design of lock parts and mechanics. Conversion of rolling stock began in 1935.
JIC fittings, defined by the SAE J514 and MIL-DTL-18866 standards, are a type of flare fitting machined with a 37-degree flare seating surface. JIC (Joint Industry Council) fittings are widely used in fuel delivery and fluid power applications, especially where high pressure (up to 10,000 pounds per square inch (690 bar)) is involved.
The Norwegian coupler is found only on narrow gauge railways of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) or less in Great Britain and its former colonies. For example, it is used on the Isle of Man Railway , the Western Australian Government Railways , in Tanzania , on the Ffestiniog Railway , on the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway ...
AAR couplers on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge [7] and some passenger (FIAT 7131 DMUs) and freight rolling stock on standard and broad gauge. Small knuckle coupler with slot in knuckle for link and pin couplers on 750 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in )
Narrow gauge flat wagons, 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in).Note the single buffer with a hook on the right side and a chain on the other. On some narrow-gauge lines in Europe, and on the Paris Metro, a simplified version of the loose-coupler is used, consisting of a single central buffer with a chain underneath.
Inter-stock coupling was with the automatic coupler (with the buffers retracted), while connection to the locomotive was with the buffer-and-chain system with a screw coupler. Today this dual coupling system has been adopted for all loco-hauled passenger trains in Great Britain to allow faster shunting operations.
British Standard Pipe (BSP) is a set of technical standards for screw threads that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipes and fittings by mating an external thread with an internal (female) thread.