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[28] [29] Midazolam is superior to diazepam in impairing memory of endoscopy procedures, but propofol has a quicker recovery time and a better memory-impairing effect. [30] It is the most popular benzodiazepine in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of its short elimination half-life , combined with its water solubility and its suitability ...
Usual doses for midazolam are 1 mg to 2 mg where the older people receive smaller doses and obese people receive higher doses. Midazolam is metabolized in the liver and is excreted through the kidneys. [9] When midazolam is used alone, it has few side effects, but can cause respiratory depression if being used together with fentanyl. [8]
Midazolam is the most commonly prescribed for this use because of its strong sedative actions and fast recovery time, as well as its water solubility, which reduces pain upon injection. Diazepam and lorazepam are sometimes used. Lorazepam has particularly marked amnesic properties that may make it more effective when amnesia is the desired effect.
"Time to peak" refers to when maximum levels of the drug in the blood occur after a given dose. Benzodiazepines generally share the same pharmacological properties, such as anxiolytic , sedative , hypnotic , skeletal muscle relaxant , amnesic , and anticonvulsant effects.
Amnesia is desirable during surgery, so general anaesthesia procedures are designed to induce it for the duration of the operation. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the encoding of new memories, particularly in high doses (for example, prior to surgery in order for a person not to recall the surgery). [2]
Other intravenous anesthetic drugs such as midazolam or propofol may be used. [1] [2] Drug-induced comas are used to protect the brain during major neurosurgery, as a last line of treatment in certain cases of status epilepticus that have not responded to other treatments, [2] and in refractory intracranial hypertension following traumatic ...
In children, heart rate is preferably taken apically. To count the rate, place stethoscope on the anterior chest at the fifth intercostal space in a midclavicular position. [18] Each "lub-dub" sound is one beat. [19] [20] It should be taken for one full minute, and it should be determined if the rhythm is regular or irregular.
Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects. Caring for a child in pain may cause distress to the caregiver, may cause costs due to healthcare or lost wages from time off work, and may stop caregivers from leaving the house. [citation needed]