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  2. Statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

    Statistics itself also provides tools for prediction and forecasting through statistical models. To use a sample as a guide to an entire population, it is important that it truly represents the overall population. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a whole. A ...

  3. History of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_statistics

    The word Bayesian appeared around 1950, and by the 1960s it became the term preferred by those dissatisfied with the limitations of frequentist statistics. [ 62 ] [ 65 ] In the 20th century, the ideas of Laplace were further developed in two different directions, giving rise to objective and subjective currents in Bayesian practice.

  4. Foundations of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_statistics

    It is important to note that the test cannot prove the hypothesis (of no treatment effect), but it can provide evidence against it. [ citation needed ] The Fisher significance test involves a single hypothesis, but the choice of the test statistic requires an understanding of relevant directions of deviation from the hypothesized model.

  5. Statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistic

    There are a variety of functions that are used to calculate statistics. Some include: Sample mean, sample median, and sample mode; Sample variance and sample standard deviation; Sample quantiles besides the median, e.g., quartiles and percentiles; Test statistics, such as t-statistic, chi-squared statistic, f statistic

  6. Statistics education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_education

    Statistics educators have cognitive and noncognitive goals for students. For example, former American Statistical Association (ASA) President Katherine Wallman defined statistical literacy as including the cognitive abilities of understanding and critically evaluating statistical results as well as appreciating the contributions statistical thinking can make.

  7. Statistical literacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_literacy

    Statistical literacy is the ability to understand and reason with statistics and data. The abilities to understand and reason with data, or arguments that use data, are necessary for citizens to understand material presented in publications such as newspapers, television, and the Internet.

  8. Misuse of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuse_of_statistics

    Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. That is, a misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator.

  9. Official statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_statistics

    Official statistics are statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations as a public good. They provide quantitative or qualitative information on all major areas of citizens' lives, such as economic and social development, [ 1 ] living conditions, [ 2 ] health , [ 3 ] education , [ 4 ] and ...