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Expansion of the caliphate, 622–750 CE: (Muhammad, 622–632 CE; Rashidun caliphate, 632–661 CE; Umayyad caliphate, 661–750 CE) Spanish Mapa de la expansión del califato Rashidun
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
Map of the caliphate during the Second Fitna in c. 686. The area shaded in red represents the approximate territory of the Umayyads, while the areas shaded in blue, green and yellow respectively represent the territories of the Mecca -based caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr , the pro-Alid ruler of Kufa Mukhtar al-Thaqafi , and the Kharijites
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
Map detailing the Rashidun Caliphate's invasion of the Levant. After Khalid ibn al-Walid consolidated his control of Iraq, Abu Bakr sent four armies to Syria on the Byzantine front under four different commanders: Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (acting as their supreme commander), Amr ibn al-As, Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan and Shurhabil ibn Hasana. However ...
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The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus ), the Balearic Islands , and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah ).