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The main launch pads at the Russian launch complex of Baikonur Cosmodrome use a flame pit to manage launch exhaust. The launch vehicles are transported by rail to the launch pad, where they are vertically erected over a large flame deflector pit. [7] A similar structure was built by the European Space Agency at its Guiana Space Centre. [7]
The concrete is used in 2 different mixtures called WA-1 and XB-1. The XB-1 is used as a more fire and erosion resistant layer for covering WA-1 in areas which are directly exposed to the exhaust flame of a rocket engine. The concrete is used on the launch pads of the Kennedy Space Center on the flame deflectors.
A curved shoulder pad is attached to left side of the barrel, and a large shield is fitted to protect the crew from the back-blast produced by the rocket projectiles. The shield is not thick enough to provide protection from enemy fire.
The pad fire station operated a fleet of four modified M113A2 Firefighting Vehicles, a variant of the M113 APC. Painted in a neon green rescue livery, these vehicles provided viable transportation to rescue personnel and firefighters should they need to approach the pad during a launch emergency.
Soviet officers watch as the Soyuz T-10 capsule aborts from the launch pad (September 1983). The first usage with a crewed mission occurred during the attempt to launch Soyuz T-10-1 on September 26, 1983. [14] The rocket caught fire, just before launch, and the LES carried the crew capsule clear, seconds before the rocket exploded.
A launch pad is an above-ground facility from which a rocket-powered missile or space vehicle is vertically launched. [1] The term launch pad can be used to describe just the central launch platform (mobile launcher platform), or the entire complex (launch complex).
The Space Launch System core stage, or simply core stage, is the main stage of the American Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, built by The Boeing Company in the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility. At 65 m (212 ft) tall and 8.4 m (27.6 ft) in diameter, the core stage contains approximately 987 t (2,177,000 lb) of its liquid hydrogen and liquid ...
The FIM-92 Stinger is an American man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) that operates as an infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM). It can be adapted to fire from a wide variety of ground vehicles, and from helicopters and drones as the Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS).