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2. Transcription activator-like effector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator...

   When injected into plants, these proteins can enter the nucleus of the plant cell, bind plant promoter sequences, and activate transcription of plant genes that aid in bacterial infection. [7] Plants have developed a defense mechanism against type III effectors that includes R (resistance) genes triggered by these effectors.

3. Plant genetics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_genetics

   An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

4. Gene regulatory network - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_network

   Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.

5. Developmental biology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology

   Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop. Developmental biology also encompasses the biology of regeneration , asexual reproduction , metamorphosis , and the growth and differentiation of stem cells in the adult organism.

6. Two-component regulatory system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Two-component_regulatory_system

   Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...

7. Functional genomics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_genomics

   A more focused functional genomics approach might test the function of all variants of one gene and quantify the effects of mutants by using sequencing as a readout of activity. Together these measurement modalities endeavor to quantitate the various biological processes and improve our understanding of gene and protein functions and interactions.

8. Rho family of GTPases - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases

   The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily.The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants.

9. KEGG - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG

   KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances.KEGG is utilized for bioinformatics research and education, including data analysis in genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and other omics studies, modeling and simulation in systems biology, and translational research in drug development.