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In social choice theory and politics, a spoiler effect happens when a losing candidate affects the results of an election simply by participating. [1] [2] Voting rules that are not affected by spoilers are said to be spoilerproof [3] [4] The frequency and severity of spoiler effects depends substantially on the voting method.
Arrow's theorem establishes that no ranked voting rule can always satisfy independence of irrelevant alternatives, but it says nothing about the frequency of spoilers. This led Arrow to remark that "Most systems are not going to work badly all of the time.
In France, the 2002 presidential elections have been cited as a case of the spoiler effect: the numerous left-wing candidates, such as Christiane Taubira and Jean-Pierre Chevènement, both from political parties allied to the French Socialist Party, or the three candidates from Trotskyist parties, which altogether totalled around 20%, have been ...
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Eric Hovde has every right to ask for a recount in his U.S. Senate race. He doesn't have the right to make false claims of election 'irregularities.'
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system in which voters mark all the ... prevent minor-party candidates from being spoilers, ... strategy-proof vote, ...
Election officials interpret that to mean both steps are required — citizenship rights restoration or record of pardon, then proof of no lingering court costs or child support — regardless of ...
Election methods that fail independence of clones can do so in three ways. If adding a clone of the winner can make the winner lose, the method is clone negative and exhibits vote-splitting . First-preference plurality is a common example of such a method.