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Onset of Bipolar Disorder. Signs of bipolar disorder generally emerge in young adulthood. Research suggests that 70 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience their first manic episode ...
Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). [2] Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania yet may still significantly affect the quality of life and result in permanent consequences including reckless spending, damaged relationships and poor judgment.
For most people with bipolar types 1 and 2, the depressive episodes are much longer than the manic or hypomanic episodes. [24] Since a diagnosis of bipolar disorder requires a manic or hypomanic episode, many affected individuals are initially misdiagnosed as having major depression and treated with prescribed antidepressants. [48]
Cyclothymia (/ ˌ s aɪ k l ə ˈ θ aɪ m i ə /, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia, [5] bipolar III, [6] affective personality disorder [7] and cyclothymic personality disorder, [8] is a mental and behavioural disorder [9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood. [3]
BD-NOS is a mood disorder and one of four subtypes on the bipolar spectrum, which also includes bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia. [1] BD-NOS was a classification in the DSM-IV and has since been changed to Bipolar "Other Specified" and "Unspecified" in the 2013 released DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). BD ...
Bipolar disorder patients may be delighted during a manic episode and extremely sad during a depressive episode. They may also experience changes in their level of activity. [5] They may be highly active during a manic episode and then extremely inactive during a depressive episode and exhibit behavioral changes.
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926). The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908, [1] [2] and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder. [3]
A mixed affective state, formerly known as a mixed-manic or mixed episode, has been defined as a state wherein features and symptoms unique to both depression and (hypo)mania, including episodes of anguish, despair, self doubt, rage, excessive impulsivity and suicidal ideation, sensory overload, racing thoughts, heightened irritability, decreased "need" for sleep and other symptoms of ...