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  2. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    Each distinct atomic number therefore corresponds to a class of atom: these classes are called the chemical elements. [5] The chemical elements are what the periodic table classifies and organizes. Hydrogen is the element with atomic number 1; helium, atomic number 2; lithium, atomic number 3; and so on.

  3. Terminal and nonterminal symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_and_nonterminal...

    On the other hand, Ψ has two rules that can change it, thus it is nonterminal. A formal language defined or generated by a particular grammar is the set of strings that can be produced by the grammar and that consist only of terminal symbols. Diagram 1 illustrates a string that can be produced with this grammar. Diagram 1.

  4. Alkyne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne

    A 3D model of ethyne (), the simplest alkyneIn organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.

  5. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  6. Atoms in molecules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms_in_molecules

    In quantum chemistry, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), sometimes referred to as atoms in molecules (AIM), is a model of molecular and condensed matter electronic systems (such as crystals) in which the principal objects of molecular structure - atoms and bonds - are natural expressions of a system's observable electron density distribution function.

  7. Unpaired electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpaired_electron

    In chemistry, an unpaired electron is an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly, rather than as part of an electron pair. Each atomic orbital of an atom (specified by the three quantum numbers n, l and m) has a capacity to contain two electrons (electron pair) with opposite spins.

  8. Octet rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule

    The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO 2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule.. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

  9. N-terminus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus

    This tetrapeptide could be encoded by the mRNA sequence 5'-GUU GGU AGU GCU-3'. The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus , NH 2 -terminus , N-terminal end or amine-terminus ) is the start of a protein or polypeptide , referring to the free amine group (-NH 2 ) located at the end of a polypeptide.