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Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Bos indicus (or Bos taurus indicus) cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as India, Sub-saharan Africa, China, and Southeast Asia.
This is a list of individual bovines by name. This list includes buffalo, cattle, bulls, cows and calves. This list includes buffalo, cattle, bulls, cows and calves. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
One species, the scimitar oryx, was once extinct in the wild, though populations are now recovering. The bluebuck went extinct in the last 200 years, and the aurochs went extinct 400 years ago. A third extinct species, the red gazelle, potentially never existed, [2] and the kouprey is potentially extinct, with no sightings since 1969. [3]
Five of seven species have been successfully domesticated, with one species being the most successful member of their lineage. Domesticated shortly after the last ice age, [6] there are at least 1.4 billion cattle in the world. [7] Domestic bovines have been selectively bred for beef, dairy products and leather, and serve as working animals.
General characteristics include cloven hooves and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. The largest extant bovine is the gaur. In many countries, bovid milk and meat is used as food by humans. Cattle are kept as livestock almost everywhere except in parts of India and Nepal, where they are considered sacred by most ...
A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.
Kasimbar, an anoa calf, was born at Chester Zoo following mother Darcy’s 10-month pregnancy.
Approximately 300 million cattle, including dairy animals, are slaughtered each year for food. [99] About a quarter of the world's meat comes from cattle. [100] World cattle meat production in 2021 was 72.3 million tons. [101]