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There were an estimated 8,000 to 21,000 Pomo among 70 tribes speaking seven Pomo languages at the time of European contact. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] The way of life of the Pomo changed with the arrival of Russians at Fort Ross (1812 to 1841) on the Pacific coastline, and Spanish missionaries and European-American colonists]coming in from the south and east.
Some of the dead were relatives of the Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake [3] and the Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California. The army killed 75 more of the Pomo along the Russian River. [7] One of the Pomo survivors of the massacre was a 6-year-old girl named Ni'ka, or Lucy Moore.
The Southern Pomo Gallinomero legend about the origin of light is that in the beginning of time there was nothing but pure darkness, no sun and no moon. There were animals yet there was no light so they could not get around easily. The coyote and the hawk were the ones who ended up creating the sun and moon which granted light on the earth.
The Pomo believed the world was bounded by water along the west. Kali-matutsi lived in the sky and heavens above. The word is associated with 'sky occupation.' Kai-matutsi lived on the earth and below. The word associated is with 'earth occupation.' These spirits were imagined to live in sweat houses or dance-houses at each end of the world.
Their historical community was called Kulá Kai Pomo, and they traditionally lived along the upper course of the Eel River. They spoke the Pomo language. The last traditional chief of the Kulá Kai Pomo was Lunkaya. [2] Companies of explorers in nineteenth century Russian expeditions were the first non-Indians with whom the Pomo made contact.
On May 15, 1850, the U.S. Cavalry, aided by vigilantes, murdered scores of Pomo people, most of them women and children, on the false suspicion that they were involved in the killing of two white ...
"These guys were evil, evil men," says Clayton Duncan, an elder from the Robinson Rancheria Band of Eastern Pomo Indians. ... Flaman McCloud Jr., chairman of the Big Valley Rancheria of Pomo ...
Like many of Powell's obscure nomenclatural proposals, particularly for California languages, "Kulanapan" was ignored. In its place, Pomo, [2] the term used by Indians and Whites alike for Northern Pomo, was arbitrarily extended to include the rest of the family. All seven languages were first systematically identified as Pomo by Samuel Barrett ...