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An example of a simple open chain is a serial robot manipulator. These robotic systems are constructed from a series of links connected by six one degree-of-freedom revolute or prismatic joints, so the system has six degrees of freedom. An example of a simple closed chain is the RSSR spatial four-bar linkage.
Motility differs from mobility, the ability of an object to be moved. The term vagility means a lifeform that can be moved but only passively; sessile organisms including plants and fungi often have vagile parts such as fruits, seeds, or spores which may be dispersed by other agents such as wind, water, or other organisms.
Horses can be considered cursorial grazers. A cursorial organism is one that is adapted specifically to run.An animal can be considered cursorial if it has the ability to run fast (e.g. cheetah) or if it can keep a constant speed for a long distance (high endurance).
The general mobility of a mechanism is the difference between the unconstrained freedom of the links and the number of constraints imposed by the joints. It is described by the Chebychev–Grübler–Kutzbach criterion .
Gliding motility is a type of translocation used by microorganisms that is independent of propulsive structures such as flagella, pili, and fimbriae. [1] Gliding allows microorganisms to travel along the surface of low aqueous films.
For example the apicomplexans are able to travel at fast rates between 1–10 μm/s. In contrast Myxococcus xanthus , a slime bacterium, can glide at a rate of 5 μm/min. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] In myxobacteria individual bacteria move together to form waves of cells that then differentiate to form fruiting bodies containing spores. [ 88 ]
Generally sessile Hydra attached to a substrate. Sessility is the biological property of an animal describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion. Sessile animals for which natural motility is absent are normally immobile.
The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.