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Diagram showing optimal strategy for tic-tac-toe.With perfect play, and from any initial move, both players can always force a draw. In combinatorial game theory, a two-player deterministic perfect information turn-based game is a first-player-win if with perfect play the first player to move can always force a win.
In which players of Tic-tac-toe are taught to hunt bigger game 1979 May: How to be a psychic, even if you are a horse or some other animal 1979 Jun: Chess problems on a higher plane, including mirror images, rotations and the superqueen 1979 Jul: Douglas R. Hofstadter's "Gödel, Escher, Bach" 1979 Aug: The imaginableness of the imaginary ...
Tic-tac-toe A completed game of tic-tac-toe Other names Noughts and Crosses Xs and Os Genres Paper-and-pencil game Players 2 Setup time Minimal Playing time ~1 minute Chance None Skills Strategy, tactics, observation Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns ...
Combinatorial games include well-known games such as chess, checkers, and Go, which are regarded as non-trivial, and tic-tac-toe, which is considered trivial, in the sense of being "easy to solve". Some combinatorial games may also have an unbounded playing area, such as infinite chess .
OXO is a video game developed by A S Douglas in 1952 which simulates a game of noughts and crosses (tic-tac-toe). It was one of the first games developed in the early history of video games . Douglas programmed the game as part of a thesis on human-computer interaction at the University of Cambridge .
The first two plies of the game tree for tic-tac-toe. The diagram shows the first two levels, or plies, in the game tree for tic-tac-toe. The rotations and reflections of positions are equivalent, so the first player has three choices of move: in the center, at the edge, or in the corner.
A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly.This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory or computer assistance.
In wild tic-tac-toe, players can choose to place either an X or O on each move. [7] [39] [40] [41] It can be played as a normal game where the player who makes three in a row wins or a misere game where they would lose. [7] This game is also called your-choice tic-tac-toe [42] or Devil's tic-tac-toe. [citation needed]