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If an insect wing is rigid, for example, a Drosophila wing is approximately so, its motion relative to a fixed body can be described by three variables: the position of the tip in spherical coordinates, (Θ(t),Φ(t)), and the pitching angle ψ(t), about the axis connecting the root and the tip.
Here resilin, a highly elastic material, forms the ligaments connecting flight muscles to the wing apparatus. In more derived orders of insects, such as Diptera (flies) and Hymenoptera (wasp), the indirect muscles occupy the greatest volume of the pterothorax and function as the primary source of power for the wingstroke.
Studies on theropod dinosaurs do suggest multiple (at least 3) independent acquisitions of powered flight however, [1] [2] and a recent study proposes independent acquisitions amidst the different bat clades as well. [3] Powered flight uses muscles to generate aerodynamic force, which allows the animal to produce lift and thrust. The animal may ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists.. When present, elytra of the Staphylinidae are markedly abbreviate. This fly in the genus Scaptomyza has clearly visible rows of para-sagittal acrostichal bristles on its thorax the alitrunk of aculeate Hymenoptera comprises the three thoracic segments, plus the propodeum, which strictly ...
A Miami-Dade Aviation Department spokesperson (not pictured) recommended two hours between connecting flights. "Each airline has a connection time minimum, and it can be different for each due to ...
Supersonic flight is flight faster than the speed of sound. Supersonic flight is associated with the formation of shock waves that form a sonic boom that can be heard from the ground, [10] and is frequently startling. The creation of this shockwave requires a significant amount of energy; because of this, supersonic flight is generally less ...
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".