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  2. Learning disability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability

    Learning disability, learning disorder, or learning difficulty (British English) is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused by several different factors. Given the "difficulty learning in a typical manner", this does not exclude the ability to learn in a different manner.

  3. Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilities_affecting...

    There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...

  4. Memory disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_disorder

    The difference in memory between normal aging and a memory disorder is the amount of beta-amyloid deposits, hippocampal neurofibrillary tangles, or amyloid plaques in the cortex. If there is an increased amount, memory connections become blocked, memory functions decrease much more than what is normal for that age and a memory disorder is ...

  5. Dyscalculia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyscalculia

    Semantic memory: This subtype often coexists with reading disabilities such as dyslexia and is characterized by poor representation and retrieval from long-term memory. These processes share a common neural pathway in the left angular gyrus , which has been shown to be selective in arithmetic fact retrieval strategies [ 43 ] and symbolic ...

  6. Intellectual disability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability

    Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.

  7. Cognitive disengagement syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disengagement...

    The risk for additional learning disabilities seems equal in both ADHD and CDS (23–50%), but math disorders may be more frequent in the CDS group. [ 29 ] A key behavioral characteristic of those with CDS symptoms is that they are more likely to appear to be lacking motivation and may even have an unusually higher frequency of daytime ...

  8. Dyslexia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia

    Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability that affects either reading or writing. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] Different people are affected to different degrees. [ 3 ] Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words , "sounding out" words in the head , pronouncing words when reading aloud and ...

  9. Cognitive disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder

    Difficulty creating recent term memories is called anterograde amnesia and is caused by damage to the hippocampus part of the brain, which is a major part of the memory process. [8] Retrograde amnesia is also caused by damage to the hippocampus, but the memories that were encoded or in the process of being encoded in long-term memory are erased [8]