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HSSF (Horrible SpreadSheet Format [2]) – reads and writes Microsoft Excel (XLS) format files. It can read files written by Excel 97 onwards; this file format is known as the BIFF 8 format. As the Excel file format is complex and contains a number of tricky characteristics, some of the more advanced features cannot be read.
Examples of column-oriented formats include Apache ORC, [3] Apache Parquet, [4] Apache Arrow, [5] formats used by BigQuery, Amazon Redshift and Snowflake. Predominant examples of row-oriented formats include CSV, formats used in most relational databases , the in-memory format of Apache Spark , and Apache Avro .
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
Apache OpenOffice's default file format is the OpenDocument Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard. It can also read and write a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those from Microsoft Office – although it cannot save documents in Microsoft's post-2007 Office Open XML formats, but only import them.
The database design documented in these schemas is converted through a Data Definition Language, which can then be used to generate a database. A fully attributed data model contains detailed attributes (descriptions) for every entity within it. The term "database design" can describe many different parts of the design of an overall database ...
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which is a collection of one or more fields . Each field contains a single value, and the collection of fields in a record defines its type .
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. [1] [2] It typically includes only the core concepts and the main relationships among them. This is a high-level model with insufficient detail to build a complete, functional database. [3]
If the data is being persisted in a modern database then Change Data Capture is a simple matter of permissions. Two techniques are in common use: Tracking changes using database triggers; Reading the transaction log as, or shortly after, it is written. If the data is not in a modern database, CDC becomes a programming challenge.