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A chilling unit in agriculture is a metric of a plant's exposure to chilling temperatures. Chilling temperatures extend from freezing point to, depending on the model, 7 °C (45 °F) or even 16 °C (60 °F). [3] Stone fruit trees and certain other plants of temperate climate develop next year's buds in the summer.
In the United States, the loquat tree is hardy in USDA zones 8 and above, and will flower only where winter temperatures do not fall below 30 °F or −1 °C. In such areas, the tree flowers in autumn and the fruit ripens in late winter. [5] It is popular in the southeastern United States.
Climate change is significantly impacting fruit trees, with effects varying depending on the geographical region and type of fruit tree. The annual temperature in Japan, for example, has risen at a rate of 0.124 °C per decade from 1898 to 2019, influencing fruit tree flowering times and potentially leading to a physiological disorder known as ...
The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about −15 °C (5 °F), and the tree is, for instance, commonly cultivated in Beijing.
The maximal temperature is 38–40 °C (100–104 °F), with both leaves and fruit being susceptible to scorching and sunburn, [21] [22] while the minimum temperature is 3–5 °C (37–41 °F). [22] Young seedlings prefer a high level of shade and mature trees are shade-tolerant.
Inga edulis grows best when mean annual daytime temperature ranges from 23 to 30 °C. However, it can tolerate 18–35 °C. During the resting period mature trees can survive −2 °C while young plants are killed at 0 °C. Preferred annual precipitation ranges from 1200 to 2500 mm but 640 to 4000 mm of annual precipitation can be tolerated also.
Pome fruit trees are deciduous, and undergo a dormant winter period that requires cold temperatures to break dormancy in spring. [1] Well-known pomes include the apple , pear , and quince . [ 1 ]
Citrus species and citrus hybrids typically described as cold-hardy generally display an ability to withstand wintertime temperatures below −5 to −10 °C (23 to 14 °F). Cold- hardy citrus may be generally accepted 'true' species (e.g. Satsuma mandarin , kumquat ) or hybrids (e.g. citrange ) involving various other citrus species.