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  2. Disparate impact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disparate_impact

    Disparate impact in the law of the United States refers to practices in employment, housing, and other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied by employers or landlords are formally neutral. Although the protected classes vary by statute, most federal civil ...

  3. Washington v. Davis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_v._Davis

    After applying the disparate impact analysis, it held that Test 21 did not have a discriminatory effect on blacks. The Court held that the Court of Appeals had erroneously assumed that the stricter, effects-based "disparate impact" test, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , existed under the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause ...

  4. Griggs v. Duke Power Co. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co.

    Davis test for disparate impact is used in constitutional equal protection clause cases, while Title VII's prohibition on disparate impact is a statutory mandate.) As such, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment tests (when used as a decisive factor in employment decisions) that are not a "reasonable measure of job performance ...

  5. Racial discrimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_discrimination

    Disparate Impact: Although an employer may not intend to discriminate based on racial characteristics, its policies nonetheless have an adverse effect based upon race. Discrimination may occur at any point in the employment process, including pre-employment inquiries, hiring practices, compensation, work assignments and conditions, privileges ...

  6. Employment discrimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment_discrimination

    The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act was first written to forbid employment discrimination. Initially it prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion and national origin. However, inclusion of the sex accepted last minute. The Title VII addresses both the disparate impact and disparate treatment.

  7. Disparate treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disparate_treatment

    The alternative to a "disparate treatment" theory is a "disparate impact" theory. A disparate impact violation is when an employer is shown to have used a specific employment practice, neutral on its face but that caused a substantial adverse impact to a protected group, and cannot be justified as serving a legitimate business goal for the ...

  8. Managing corporate social impact sprawl: How disparate ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/managing-corporate-social...

    Whether an organization likes it or not, the social impact genie can’t be put back into the bottle. Managing corporate social impact sprawl: How disparate purpose-related efforts can be assets ...

  9. Alexander v. Sandoval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_v._Sandoval

    The Court then examined section 602, the section of Title VI under which the disparate-impact regulation was promulgated, to determine whether it created an implied private right of action. It began by noting that certain "rights-creating" language that was present in section 601 and Cannon relied on for its holding, was absent from section 602 ...