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Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, [a] is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey.It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north.
The history of Anatolia (often referred to in historical sources as Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into: Prehistory of Anatolia (up to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE), Ancient Anatolia (including Hattian, Hittite and post-Hittite periods), Classical Anatolia (including Achaemenid, Hellenistic and Roman periods), Byzantine Anatolia (later overlapping, since the 11th century, with the ...
Mongols defeat Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sultanhan, Aksaray Province, Central Anatolia. 1258: Mongols partition the country. Double sultanate 1262: Kılıç Arslan IV 1260–1266 1266: Keyhüsrev III 1266–1284 1277: Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey, a semi independent bey, allies himself with the Mameluk sultan Baybars who invades a part of Anatolia.
Cataonia (broad sense) (During Achaemenid Persian Empire it was its own country or region and not part of Cappadocia) Aravene; Cataonia / Cataonia Proper (narrow sense) Lavinianesine / Lavianesine / Laviansene; Muriane / Murianune; Cappadocian Cilicia / Mazakene (where Mazaka or Caesarea Mazaka was located; it is today's Kayseri) (Nesa was ...
[7] [8] Traditionally, Anatolia was considered to be a peninsula the eastern boundary of which was a line from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Alexandretta, which is to the west of what is now the Eastern Anatolia Region. [9] [10] As a geographical term, this definition continues to be used. [11]
Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony Map 2: Anatolian peoples in 2nd millennium BC; Blue: Luwians, Yellow: Hittites, Red: Palaics. Map 3: Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia / Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements. Map 4: Anatolia / Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period.
At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BC, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BC, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BC, it became part of the Roman province of Asia. Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BC. [1] [2]
With Egypt gone, Anatolia would become the main source of money, men, and food for the empire. Anatolia's peace was dealt a mortal blow by these staggering losses. In the late 640s under the caliph known as Mu'awiya I, the Arabs launched raids into Anatolia, advancing to Amorium and Cappadocia. This would be the first in a series of raids into ...