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Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, [3] or sometimes a physiological pupillary response. [4] Non-physiological causes of mydriasis include disease, trauma, or the use of certain types of drug.
The usual treatment of a standardised Adie syndrome is to prescribe reading glasses to correct for impairment of the eye(s). [1] Pilocarpine drops may be administered as a treatment as well as a diagnostic measure. [1] Thoracic sympathectomy is the definitive treatment of diaphoresis, if the condition is not treatable by drug therapy. [1]
The most common strabismus finding is large angle exotropia which can be treated by maximal bilateral eye surgery, but due to the progressive nature of the disease, strabismus may recur. [14] Those that have diplopia as a result of asymmetric ophthalmoplegia may be corrected with prisms or with surgery to create a better alignment of the eyes.
Dilated fundus examination (DFE) is a diagnostic procedure that uses mydriatic eye drops to dilate or enlarge the pupil in order to obtain a better view of the fundus of the eye. [1] Once the pupil is dilated, examiners use ophthalmoscopy to view the eye's interior, which makes it easier to assess the retina , optic nerve head , blood vessels ...
Sometimes there is flushing on the affected side of the face due to dilation of blood vessels under the skin. The pupil's light reflex is maintained as this is controlled via the parasympathetic nervous system. [citation needed] In children, Horner's syndrome sometimes leads to heterochromia, a difference in eye color between the two eyes. [3]
One pupil is dilated and unreactive, while the other is normal (in this case, the right eye is dilated, while the left eye is normal in size). This could mean damage to the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve number 3, CN III) on the right side, or indicate the possibility of vascular involvement. Both pupils are dilated and unreactive to light.
All cycloplegics are also mydriatic (pupil dilating) agents and are used as such during eye examination to better visualize the retina. When cycloplegic drugs are used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil, the pupil in the normal eye regains its function when the drugs are metabolized or carried away.
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones.