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It is the cause of approximately 5% of blindness in the United States and nearly 60% of blindness in parts of Africa and South America. [12] Blindness from cataracts occurs in about 10 to 40 per 100,000 children in the developing world, and 1 to 4 per 100,000 children in the developed world. [7] Cataracts become more common with age. [1]
Even though cataracts are most common among the elderly, ... “One of the more common eye conditions that can cause night blindness is called retinitis pigmentosa, or RP, and this affects the eye ...
Leber congenital amaurosis can cause total blindness or severe sight loss from birth or early childhood. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by decreased peripheral vision and trouble seeing at night. Advances in mapping of the human genome have identified other genetic causes of low vision or blindness.
Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
As of 2023, the cataract-surgery rate in South Africa is less than half of the estimated requirement of at least 2,000 per million population per year needed to eliminate cataract blindness. [19] [20] In 2011, Lecuona and Cook identified an inadequate level of human resources in the public sector to provide care for the indigent population. [20]
Effect of night blindness. Left: good night vision. Right: nightblind. Insufficiency of adaptation most commonly presents as insufficient adaptation to dark environment, called night blindness or nyctalopia. [35] The opposite problem, known as hemeralopia, that is, inability to see clearly in bright light, is much rarer.
Cataracts are the main cause of blindness in Africa, and affect approximately half of the estimated seven million blind people on the continent, a number that is expected to increase with population growth by about 600,000 people per year. As of 2005, the estimated cataract-surgery rate was about 500 operations per million people per year.
The condition is not congenital and develops over the course of a few months as the lacrimal glands fail to produce tears. Other conditions involved in the progression already stated include the appearance of Bitot's spots, which are clumps of keratin debris that build up inside the conjunctiva and night blindness, which precedes corneal ulceration and total blindness.
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