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An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.
Those integrals are in turn named elliptic because they first were encountered for the calculation of the arc length of an ellipse. Important elliptic functions are Jacobi elliptic functions and the Weierstrass ℘-function. Further development of this theory led to hyperelliptic functions and modular forms.
A typical example might involve an integration over all pairs of vectors and that sum to a fixed vector = +, where the integrand was a function of the vector lengths | | and | |. (In such a case, one would position r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } between the two foci and aligned with the x {\displaystyle x} -axis, i.e., r = 2 a x ...
Plot of the Jacobi ellipse (x 2 + y 2 /b 2 = 1, b real) and the twelve Jacobi elliptic functions pq(u,m) for particular values of angle φ and parameter b. The solid curve is the ellipse, with m = 1 − 1/b 2 and u = F(φ,m) where F(⋅,⋅) is the elliptic integral of the first kind (with parameter =). The dotted curve is the unit circle.
An ellipse in general position can be expressed as = + = + + as the parameter t varies from 0 to 2 π . Here ( X c , Y c ) is the center of the ellipse, and φ is the angle between the x -axis and the major axis of the ellipse.
At the analytic side, an important ingredient is a function of a complex variable, L, the Hasse–Weil zeta function of E over Q. This function is a variant of the Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet L-functions. It is defined as an Euler product, with one factor for every prime number p. For a curve E over Q given by a minimal equation
People looking to save money for a big trip or financial investment may want to make plans around an "extra" paycheck in their pocket.. Employees who get paid on a biweekly basis (every other week ...
To make the grammar work: Referring to someone's statement "I hate to do laundry", one could properly write She "hate[s] to do laundry". If a sentence includes subsidiary material enclosed in square or round brackets, it must still carry terminal punctuation after those brackets, regardless of any punctuation within the brackets.