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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Benzonitrile is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives. It reacts with amines to afford N-substituted benzamides after hydrolysis. [3] It is a precursor to diphenylmethanimine via reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by methanolysis.
In instructional laboratories, [5] acetophenone is converted to styrene in a two-step process that illustrates the reduction of carbonyls using sodium borohydride and the dehydration of alcohols: 4 C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 3 + NaBH 4 + 4 H 2 O → 4 C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CH 3 + NaOH + B(OH) 3 C 6 H 5 CH(OH)CH 3 → C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2 + H 2 O
A key iodine(III) enolate intermediate forms, which then undergoes either nucleophilic substitution (α-functionalization), elimination (dehydrogenation), or rearrangement. Common hypervalent iodine reagents used to effect these transformations include iodosylbenzene (PhIO), [1] Koser's reagent (PhI(OTs)OH), [1] and (dichloroiodo)benzene (PhICl ...
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
tert-Butylbenzene can be produced by the treatment of benzene with isobutene [1] or by the reaction of benzene with tert-butyl chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, [2] the latter is depicted below:
The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...
Benzyl bromide is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 Br. The molecule consists of a benzene ring substituted with a bromomethyl group. It is a colorless liquid with lachrymatory properties. The compound is a reagent for introducing benzyl groups. [3] [4]