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Hemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1 or α 2 β 2, is the most common human hemoglobin tetramer, accounting for over 97% of the total red blood cell hemoglobin. [1] Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein, found in erythrocytes , which transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. [ 2 ]
Found in the muscle tissue of many vertebrates, including humans, it gives muscle tissue a distinct red or dark gray color. It is very similar to hemoglobin in structure and sequence, but is not a tetramer; instead, it is a monomer that lacks cooperative binding. It is used to store oxygen rather than transport it. Hemocyanin
The formation of the sorbitol dehydrogenase tetramer from its monomers via dimers. A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione S-transferase), and heterotetramers are complexes of different subunits.
A tetramer (/ ˈ t ɛ t r ə m ər /) (tetra-, "four" + -mer, "parts") is an oligomer formed from four monomers or subunits. The associated property is called tetramery . An example from inorganic chemistry is titanium methoxide with the empirical formula Ti(OCH 3 ) 4 , which is tetrameric in solid state and has the molecular formula Ti 4 (OCH ...
Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, ribosomes, antibodies, and ion channels. Enzymes composed of subunits with diverse functions are sometimes called holoenzymes , in which some parts may be known as regulatory subunits and the functional core is known as the catalytic subunit.
The structure of Hb A consists of two α-globin chains bound to two β-globin chains to form a tetramer (a protein made up four protein chains). [3] When there is lower than normal production of α-globin, as in Hb H disease, the excess β-globin form β4-tetramers, termed Hemoglobin H.
Some biologically important oligomers are macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids; for instance, hemoglobin is a protein tetramer. An oligomer of amino acids is called an oligopeptide or just a peptide. An oligosaccharide is an oligomer of monosaccharides (simple sugars).
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an ... a tetramer if it contains four ... such as the two alpha and two beta chains of hemoglobin. ...