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Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, chronic corticosteroid treatment and others.
The final structure of the abscess is an abscess wall, or capsule, that is formed by the adjacent healthy cells in an attempt to keep the pus from infecting neighboring structures. However, such encapsulation tends to prevent immune cells from attacking bacteria in the pus, or from reaching the causative organism or foreign object.
Patches may have some subtle surface change, such as a fine scale or wrinkling, but although the consistency of the surface is changed, the lesion itself is not palpable. [29] Papule: A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin, varying in size from less than either 5 [10] or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point. [30]
Erythema annulare centrifugum (deep gyrate erythema, erythema perstans, palpable migrating erythema, superficial gyrate erythema) Erythema gyratum repens (Gammel's disease) Erythema migrans (erythema chronicum migrans) Erythema multiforme; Erythema multiforme minor (herpes simplex-associated erythema multiforme) Erythema palmare; Generalized ...
In premenopausal women, adnexal masses include ovarian cysts, ectopic (tubal) pregnancies, benign or malignant tumors, endometriomas, polycystic ovaries, and tubo-ovarian abscess. The most common causes for adnexal masses in premenopausal women include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts .
Such lesions include petechia (less than 3 mm (0.12 in), resulting from numerous and diverse etiologies such as adverse reactions from medications such as warfarin, straining, asphyxiation, platelet disorders and diseases such as cytomegalovirus); [6] and purpura (3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in)), classified as palpable purpura or non-palpable ...
In patients with non-palpable pulses, evaluation of PAD with an ankle-brachial index should also be performed. [12] Ulceration or deeper wounds should be probed to identify the depth of penetration and determine involvement of bone, which would indicate osteomyelitis. [ 14 ]
If an abscess is also present, surgical drainage is usually indicated, with antibiotics often prescribed for co-existent cellulitis, especially if extensive. [17] Pain relief is also often prescribed, but excessive pain should always be investigated, as it is a symptom of necrotizing fasciitis. Elevation of the affected area is often recommended.