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Land reclamation in the Netherlands has a long history. As early as in the 14th century, the first reclaimed land had been settled. [ 1 ] Much of the modern land reclamation has been done as a part of the Zuiderzee Works since 1919.
The Zuiderzee Works in the Netherlands divided the dangerous Zuiderzee, a shallow inlet of the North Sea, into the tame lakes of IJsselmeer and Markermeer, and created 1650 km 2 of land. A new study, commissioned after doubts arose over the financial feasibility of the project, recommended that work should continue and be accelerated.
This is illustrated by the saying "God created the world, but the Dutch created the Netherlands". [2] The Dutch have a long history of reclamation of marshes and fenland, resulting in some 3,000 polders [3] nationwide. By 1961, about half of the country's land, 18,000 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi), was reclaimed from the sea.
In Ancient Egypt, the rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty (c. 2000–1800 BC) undertook a far-sighted land reclamation scheme to increase agricultural output. They constructed levees and canals to connect the Faiyum with the Bahr Yussef waterway, diverting water that would have flowed into Lake Moeris and causing gradual evaporation around the lake's edges, creating new farmland from the reclaimed land.
The Afsluitdijk (literally translated: shut-off-dyke) was completed in 1932, thereby shutting off the Zuiderzee (lit: Southern Sea) from the North Sea. [4] Until then, the Zuiderzee had been a large bay south of the North Sea which gave maritime access to five provinces of The Netherlands, and particularly during the Dutch Golden Age provided a protected entrance and exit for the harbour of ...
Broken Circle/Spiral Hill was Smithson's first land reclamation project, where an industrial site was "reclaimed" as a work of art. [2] Smithson described this as “a major piece” and it sparked his interest in working with industry and post-industrial landscape to make art “a necessary part of their reclamation projects.”
In 1357 he had a polder endiked and named it after himself. The Everardpolder was not allotted long life. Already the same year the dike broke and ran the fresh land reclamation under water. The village Gaternesse went under during storm floods in the 15th century. In 1660 inhabitants of IJzendijke saw for the last time the foundations of ...
In total, one-third of the world's population lives in drylands where land degradation is reducing food supplies, biodiversity, water quality and soil fertility. [ 2 ] The bioreclamation of degraded lands (BDL) system was developed by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ( ICRISAT ), with the aim of helping ...