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A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). [ 1 ]
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
17-4 stainless steel can be heat treated to approximately 44 Rc, [1] and an ultimate tensile strength of 1,300 MPa (190,000 psi). Its density ranges from 7,800 to 7,900 kg/m 3 (0.282 to 0.284 lb/cu in), and its modulus of elasticity ranges from 197 to 207 GPa (28.5 × 10 ^ 6 to 30.0 × 10 ^ 6 psi).
This graph shows the differences between the Brinell hardness test and the Meyer hardness test. Notice that the Brinell test can report the same hardness value for a given specimen twice depending on the load.
The Brinell hardness number can be correlated with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), although the relationship is dependent on the material, and therefore determined empirically. The relationship is based on Meyer's index (n) from Meyer's law. If Meyer's index is less than 2.2 then the ratio of UTS to BHN is 0.36.
Compressive strength is a limit state of compressive stress that leads to failure in a material in the manner of ductile failure (infinite theoretical yield) or brittle failure (rupture as the result of crack propagation, or sliding along a weak plane – see shear strength). Tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength is a limit state of ...
Barcol hardness is measured on a scale from 0 to 100 with the typical range being between 50B and 90B. A measurement of 60B is roughly equivalent to a Shore hardness of 80D or a Rockwell hardness M100. [4] [6] As defined in ASTM D 2583 the scale divisions from 0-100 should each indicate a depth of 0.0076 mm or the equivalent 0.0003 inches. [7]